在本文中，我们将带你了解Mockito单元测试RestTemplate在这篇文章中，我们将为您详细介绍Mockito单元测试RestTemplate的方方面面，并解答使用mock进行单元测试常见的疑惑
在本文中，我们将带你了解Mockito单元测试RestTemplate在这篇文章中，我们将为您详细介绍Mockito单元测试RestTemplate的方方面面，并解答使用mock进行单元测试常见的疑惑，同时我们还将给您一些技巧，以帮助您实现更有效的freemarker.template.TemplateModelIterator的实例源码、Java mockito单元测试实现过程解析、java – 调试RestTemplate发布请求、Junit，Mockito，PowerMockito 进行单元测试。
本文目录一览：- Mockito单元测试RestTemplate（使用mock进行单元测试）
- freemarker.template.TemplateModelIterator的实例源码
- Java mockito单元测试实现过程解析
- java – 调试RestTemplate发布请求
- Junit，Mockito，PowerMockito 进行单元测试
Mockito单元测试RestTemplate（使用mock进行单元测试）
我正在使用RestTemplatepostForEntity方法将正文发布到端点。我需要使用Mockito为我的代码编写测试用例的帮助。返回类型为void，但是可以将其更改为，Types或者code需要进行测试。我已经提到了许多其他文档，但是它们非常笼统，我尝试使用它们，但是由于requestand和return类型是不同的，所以大多数对我来说都不起作用。。任何建议表示赞赏。谢谢
这是我的Java课
public void postJson(Set<Type> Types){ try { String oneString = String.join(",", Types); Map<String, String> requestBody = new HashMap<>(); requestBody.put("type", oneString); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(requestBody); HttpEntity<String> request = new HttpEntity<String>(jsonObject.toString(), null);ResponseEntity result = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(request, getHttpHeaders()), String.class); } }}答案1
小编典典您正在测试MyClass类中的逻辑，因此不应模拟它。RestTemplate是MyClass内部的依赖项，因此这正是您需要模拟的内容。通常，它在测试中应如下所示：
这只是一个简单的例子。一个好的做法是检查传递给您的模拟的参数是否等于期望的参数。一种方法是Mockito.eq()用实际的预期数据代替。另一个是单独验证它，如下所示：
public ResponseEntity<String> postJson(Set<Type> Types){ try { String oneString = String.join(",", Types); Map<String, String> requestBody = new HashMap<>(); requestBody.put("type", oneString); JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(requestBody); HttpEntity<String> request = new HttpEntity<String>(jsonObject.toString(), null); ResponseEntity result = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, new HttpEntity<>(request, getHttpHeaders()), String.class); } } return Types;您可以按如下方式编写上述方法的测试
@Mock RestTemplate restTemplate; private Poster poster; HttpEntity<String> request = new HttpEntity<>(jsonObject.toString(), getHttpHeaders()); ResponseEntity<String> result = restTemplate.exchange(uri, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class); Mockito.verify(restTemplate, Mockito.times(1)).exchange( Mockito.eq(uri), Mockito.eq(HttpMethod.POST), Mockito.eq(request), Mockito.eq(String.class)); Assert.assertEquals(result, poster.postJson(mockData)); HttpHeaders getHttpHeaders() { HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders(); headers.add(// whatever you need to add); return headers; }
freemarker.template.TemplateModelIterator的实例源码
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* Adds to simple hash from source map.
* <p>
* <em>WARN</em>: This is not BeanModel-aware (complex map).
*/
public static void addToSimpleMap(SimpleHash dest,TemplateHashModelEx source) throws TemplateModelException {
TemplateCollectionModel keysModel = source.keys();
TemplateModelIterator modelIt = keysModel.iterator();
while(modelIt.hasNext()) {
String key = getAsstringNonescaping((TemplateScalarModel) modelIt.next());
dest.put(key,source.get(key));
}
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* Adds the still-wrapped TemplateModels in hash to a java Map.
* <p>
* <em>WARN</em>: This is not BeanModel-aware (complex map).
*/
public static void addModelsToMap(Map<String,? super TemplateModel> dest,source.get(key));
}
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* To string set.
* <p>
* WARN: Bypasses auto-escaping,caller handles.
* (e.g. the object wrapper used to rewrap the result).
*/
public static Set<String> toStringSet(TemplateCollectionModel collModel) throws TemplateModelException {
Set<String> set = new HashSet<String>();
TemplateModelIterator modelIt = collModel.iterator();
while(modelIt.hasNext()) {
set.add(getAsstringNonescaping((TemplateScalarModel) modelIt.next()));
}
return set;
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* Add to string set.
* <p>
* WARN: bypasses auto-escaping,caller handles.
* (e.g. the object wrapper used to rewrap the result).
*/
public static void addToStringSet(Set<String> dest,TemplateCollectionModel collModel) throws TemplateModelException {
TemplateModelIterator modelIt = collModel.iterator();
while(modelIt.hasNext()) {
dest.add(getAsstringNonescaping((TemplateScalarModel) modelIt.next()));
}
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* Gets collection as a keys.
* <p>
* WARN: This bypasses auto-escaping in all cases. Caller must decide how to handle.
* (e.g. the object wrapper used to rewrap the result).
*/
public static Set<String> getAsstringSet(TemplateModel model) throws TemplateModelException {
Set<String> exKeys = null;
if (model != null) {
if (model instanceof BeanModel && ((BeanModel) model).getWrappedobject() instanceof Set) {
// WARN: bypasses auto-escaping
exKeys = UtilGenerics.cast(((BeanModel) model).getWrappedobject());
}
else if (model instanceof TemplateCollectionModel) {
exKeys = new HashSet<String>();
TemplateModelIterator keysIt = ((TemplateCollectionModel) model).iterator();
while(keysIt.hasNext()) {
exKeys.add(getAsstringNonescaping((TemplateScalarModel) keysIt.next()));
}
}
else if (model instanceof TemplateSequenceModel) {
TemplateSequenceModel seqModel = (TemplateSequenceModel) model;
exKeys = new HashSet<String>(seqModel.size());
for(int i=0; i < seqModel.size(); i++) {
exKeys.add(getAsstringNonescaping((TemplateScalarModel) seqModel.get(i)));
}
}
else {
throw new TemplateModelException("Include/exclude keys argument not a collection or set of strings");
}
}
return exKeys;
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
/**
* Supposed to convert to simple sequence.
* <p>
* WARN: Bypasses auto-escaping for complex maps,caller must decide how to handle.
* (e.g. the object wrapper used to rewrap the result).
* <p>
* DEV NOTE: I stopped writing/testing this when found out most of the problems w.r.t. collections are not
* the FTL types this time but the way they're used in Ofbiz templates.
* FTL's CollectionModel (subclass of TemplateCollectionModel) is supposed to cover everything and
* won't suffer from the same problems maps have.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Deprecated
private static TemplateSequenceModel toSimpleSequence(TemplateModel object,ObjectWrapper objectWrapper) throws TemplateModelException {
if (object instanceof TemplateSequenceModel) {
return (TemplateSequenceModel) object;
}
else if (object instanceof WrapperTemplateModel) {
WrapperTemplateModel wrapperModel = (WrapperTemplateModel) object;
// WARN: bypasses auto-escaping
Object wrappedobject = wrapperModel.getWrappedobject();
if (wrappedobject instanceof List) {
return Defaultlistadapter.adapt((List<Object>) wrappedobject,(RichObjectWrapper) objectWrapper);
}
else if (wrappedobject instanceof Object[]) {
return DefaultArrayAdapter.adapt((Object[]) wrappedobject,(ObjectWrapperAndUnwrapper) objectWrapper);
}
else if (wrappedobject instanceof Set) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
else if (wrappedobject instanceof Collection) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
else if (wrappedobject instanceof Iterable) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
else {
throw new TemplateModelException("Cannot convert bean-wrapped object of type " + (object != null ? object.getClass() : "null") + " to simple sequence");
}
}
else if (object instanceof TemplateCollectionModel) {
TemplateCollectionModel collModel = (TemplateCollectionModel) object;
SimpleSequence res = new SimpleSequence(objectWrapper);
TemplateModelIterator it = collModel.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
res.add(it.next());
}
return res;
}
else {
throw new TemplateModelException("Cannot convert object of type " + (object != null ? object.getClass() : "null") + " to simple sequence");
}
}
项目：scipio-erp
文件：LangFtlUtil.java
public static void addToSimpleList(SimpleSequence dest,TemplateCollectionModel source) throws TemplateModelException {
TemplateModelIterator it = source.iterator();
while(it.hasNext()) {
dest.add(it.next());
}
}
项目：StaticWeb
文件：JSONArrayTemplateCollectionModel.java
@Override
public TemplateModelIterator iterator() throws TemplateModelException {
return new JSONArrayTemplateModelIterator();
}
Java mockito单元测试实现过程解析
这篇文章主要介绍了Java mockito单元测试实现过程解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
待测试的服务接口：
public interface ItemService { String getItemNameUpperCase(String itemId); }
预览
待测试的服务的实现类：
@Service public class ItemServiceImpl implements ItemService { @Resource private ItemRepository itemRepository; @Override public String getItemNameUpperCase(String itemId) { Item item = itemRepository.findById(itemId); if (item == null) { return null; } return item.getName().toupperCase(); } } // 测试用例 import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.mockito.InjectMocks; import org.mockito.Mock; import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertthat; import static org.mockito.Mockito.*; public class ItemServiceTest { @Mock private ItemRepository itemRepository; @InjectMocks private ItemServiceImpl itemService; @Before public void setUp(){ MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this); } /** * 如果从存储层查询到一个Item, 那么它的 name 将被转化为大写. */ @Test public void shouldReturnItemNameInUpperCase() { // Given Item mockedItem = new Item("it1", "Item 1", "This is item 1", 2000, true); when(itemRepository.findById("it1")).thenReturn(mockedItem); // When String result = itemService.getItemNameUpperCase("it1"); // Then verify(itemRepository, times(1)).findById("it1"); assertthat(result).isEqualTo("ITEM 1"); } }
Mockito 的更多高级用法请参考官方网站和框架配套 wiki。如果需要 mock 静态方法、私有函数等，可以学习 PowerMock， 拉取其源码通过学习单元测试来快速掌握其用法。
java – 调试RestTemplate发布请求
我试图在
Spring中使用RestTemplate POST到REST-API.
这是我正在使用的代码：
这是我正在使用的代码：
//Code to Post data using Rest Template
List<UserVO> userList = getUsers();
RestRequestVO submitRequestData = new RestRequestVO();
submitRequestData.setAction("update");
submitRequestData.setType("user");
submitRequestData.setItems(items);
ResponseEntity<String> resposne = restTemplate.postForEntity(putUserUrl,submitRequestData,String.class);
String message = resposne.getBody();
//The structure of class
public class RestRequestVO {
private String action;
private String type;
private List<UserVO> items;
//Setters and Getters
}
//Expected JSON
{
"action"="update","type"="user","items"=[
{ //user1 },{//user2} ....
]
}
我需要正确调试它,看看restTemplate.postForEntity(putUserUrl,String.class)发送到REST服务器的确切JSON是什么;线.
我正在使用Eclipse.我已经尝试逐行调试代码.
我也尝试将日志级别设置为Debug.
遵循注释中给出的步骤后更新
下面是我的log4j.xml,我看不到任何与REST模板相关的http日志.如果我犯了一些错误,请告诉我.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYstem "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j='http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/'>
<appender name="CA">
<layout>
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,SSS} - %5t - %5p - %l - %m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<appender name="FA">
<param name="File" value="cw.log"/>
<param name="Threshold" value="DEBUG"/>
<layout>
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,SSS} - %5t - %5p - %l - %m%n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="log4j.logger.httpclient.wire" additivity="false" >
<level value="DEBUG" />
<appender-ref ref="CA"/>
</logger>
<root>
<level value="Debug" />
<appender-ref ref="CA" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
我打算在将POJ发送到REST POST URL之前打印从POJO创建的JSON.
解决方法
您可以在public final void write(最终T t,MediaType contentType,HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)方法结束时在AbstractHttpMessageConverter中设置断点,并评估outputMessage.getBody()
Junit，Mockito，PowerMockito 进行单元测试
文档入口：
https://github.com/powermock/powermock/wiki
私有方法mock文档：
https://github.com/powermock/powermock/wiki/MockPrivate
静态方法mock文档
https://github.com/powermock/powermock/wiki/MockStatic
案例参考：
https://ehlxr.me/2017/07/25/use-introduction-of-powermock/
概述：
介绍基于Junit ，Mockito，PowerMockito 常用的测试方法，包括异常测试，私有方法测试，没有返回值的方法测试，基于mock或spy的测试；
其中包含常规方法mock，私有方法mock。
一 测试介绍
1）测试原则：
凡是需要验证的方法都可以写单元测试，证明预期行为（不区分 controller，service ，dao）
2）测试分类：
a）单元测试：测试方法的 “逻辑” 是否满足期望。
b）集成测试：集成各个依赖组件，测试整体流程是否能通。
3）关于依赖：
单元测试一般测试当前方法的逻辑，不测试被依赖的类方法或自己的私有方法。
4）Mock 和 Spy 生成类区别
Mock：生成的类，所有方法都不是真实的方法，而且返回值都是NULL； 通过when 指定行为。
Spy：生成的类，所有方法都是真实方法，返回值都是和真实方法一样的；通过when 来将某个真实的方法，替换为指定行为的执行。
5）参考
1）普通mockito mock
http://site.mockito.org/
2）使用powerMock ，增强 静态方法，私有方法能力；
https://github.com/powermock/powermock
二 Demo 本程序依赖
Xml代码
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>x.test</groupId>
<artifactId>test</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>test</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<mockito.version>2.8.47</mockito.version>
<powermock.version>1.7.0</powermock.version>
<assertj.version>3.8.0</assertj.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>${mockito.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
<version>${powermock.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
<artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
<version>${powermock.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
<version>${assertj.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- utils -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>20.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
三 简单的测试
测试抛异常，无返回值的方法测试，私有方法测试
1）被测试类
Java代码
package x.test.simple;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
/**
* 测试demo class
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class HelloWho {
private String who;
public HelloWho(String who) {
//条件路径
if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(who)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("who can not be null!");
}
//赋值路径
this.who = who;
}
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println(getHelloMessage());
}
private String getHelloMessage() {
return "Hello " + who;
}
}
2）测试类
Java代码
package x.test.simple;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;
/**
* 基础测试：
* <p>
* 1 测试抛异常
* 2 测试无返回值
* 3 测试私有方法
*/
public class HelloWhoTest {
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void test_construction_empty_who_throw_exception() {
new HelloWho("");
}
@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
public void test_construction_null_who_throw_exception() {
new HelloWho(null);
}
/**
* 无返回值的方法测试，查看其修改的成员变量是否成功
*/
@Test
public void test_construction_args_set_who() throws Exception {
//预期结果
String expectWho = "A";
//执行被测试方法
HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(expectWho);
//白盒，获取修改的成员变量
String actualWho = (String) Whitebox.getField(helloWho.getClass(), "who").get(helloWho);
//断言
Assertions.assertThat(actualWho).isEqualTo(expectWho);
}
/**
* 测试私有方法
*/
@Test
public void test_getHelloMessage() throws Exception {
//准备方法参数
String who = "A";
//准备预期结构
String expextMessage = "Hello " + who;
//执行被测试方法
HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(who);
String actualMessage = Whitebox.invokeMethod(helloWho, "getHelloMessage");
//断言
Assertions.assertThat(actualMessage).isEqualTo(expextMessage);
}
}
四 基于Mock的测试
依赖mock，私有方法mock，验证方法是否被执行
1）被依赖类Dao
Java代码
package x.test.adv.dao.pojo;
/**
* 用户
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class User {
}
package x.test.adv.dao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 用户dao
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserDao {
/**
* 保存
*
* @param user 用户
* @return true : 保存成功 ； false ： 用户已存在
*/
boolean save(User user);
}
2）待测试类Service
Java代码
package x.test.adv.service;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 用户服务
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserService {
/**
* 保存 ， 如果保存成功，记录日志
*
* @param user user
*/
void save(User user);
}
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
import x.test.adv.service.UserService;
/**
* 带依赖的测试
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void save(User user) {
//保存
boolean isSave = userDao.save(user);
//写大数据日志
if (isSave) {
writeLog(user);
}
}
private void writeLog(User user) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
3）测试类
Java代码
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
/**
* 带依赖的测试：
* 1 mock 依赖
* 2 mock 私有方法
*/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
//mock 静态方法，私有方法，需要添加该注解，以便通知框架
@PrepareForTest(UserServiceImpl.class)
public class UserServiceImplTest {
//mock 依赖注入到该bean
@InjectMocks
private UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl;
//mock 依赖
@Mock
private UserDao userDao;
//完成依赖注入
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
}
/**
* 测试保存成功，写日志
*/
@Test
public void test_save_true_verify_writelog() throws Exception {
// 侦查对象
UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
//创建输入
User user = new User();
//打桩
// mock 依赖行为，等价于 BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(true);
//mock 私有方法
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
//调用实际方法
spyUserService.save(user);
//断言 writelog 被执行一次
PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(1)).invoke("writeLog", user);
}
/**
* 测试保存成功，写日志
*/
@Test
public void test_save_false_no_writelog() throws Exception{
// 侦查对象
UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
//创建输入
User user = new User();
//打桩
// mock 依赖行为，等价于 BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(false);
//mock 私有方法
PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
//调用实际方法
spyUserService.save(user);
//断言 writelog 被执行一次
PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(0)).invoke("writeLog", user);
}
}
今天关于Mockito单元测试RestTemplate和使用mock进行单元测试的分享就到这里，希望大家有所收获，若想了解更多关于freemarker.template.TemplateModelIterator的实例源码、Java mockito单元测试实现过程解析、java – 调试RestTemplate发布请求、Junit，Mockito，PowerMockito 进行单元测试等相关知识，可以在本站进行查询。
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