10 Things To Do after installing Ubuntu 12.04

25-04-27 5

此处将为大家介绍关于10ThingsToDoafterinstallingUbuntu12.04的详细内容，此外，我们还将为您介绍关于10thingsyoushouldneverdoonaconsul

此处将为大家介绍关于10 Things To Do after installing Ubuntu 12.04的详细内容，此外，我们还将为您介绍关于10 things you should never do on a consulting job、9 Things about Null in Java、97 Things Every Programmer Should Know、Adobe After Effects视频怎么剪辑_Adobe After Effects视频剪辑方法的有用信息。

本文目录一览：

10 Things To Do after installing Ubuntu 12.04
10 things you should never do on a consulting job
9 Things about Null in Java
97 Things Every Programmer Should Know
Adobe After Effects视频怎么剪辑_Adobe After Effects视频剪辑方法

10 Things To Do after installing Ubuntu 12.04

Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) is the LTS (Long Term Support) release and it’s a lot different from the last LTS (I mean the 10.04, which was based on Gnome 2.3). A lot of things has changed – including the Window Manager – Now it’s Unity (The default Desktop), based on Gnome 3. Anyway, it seems to be more beginner friendly – and that’s the reason why more number of people are migrating from Windows to GNU/Linux based operating systems such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, etc.

So, if you’ve just installed the new version of Ubuntu i.e 12.04 LTS on your computer (if you got stuck during the installation process then go through my previous post about – installing Ubuntu 12.04) – then you may need to install some most basic applications/plugins/libraries in order to perform some common tasks such as watching videos, surfing websites (with multimedia content) or listening to your music (mp3) collection.

If you’re wondering – why doesn’t Ubuntu does that by default then you should know that Ubuntu or any other GNU/Linux distributions follow Configuration over Convention principle – there are lot of ways to do the same thing – so they leave it on the users choice; although Ubuntu does ship some cools applications by default – such as Mozilla Firefox, Thunderbird, Media Player, Bash, Ubuntu Software Center, Shotwell (Photo Manager), Document Viewer (for reading pdf file), Nautilus (File Manager) – most of the applications comes along with the package of Gnome Desktop. There are some licensing problem too, that’s why they can’t ship Ubuntu with proprietary plugins/codecs.

Few months ago (at the time of Ubuntu 11.10 release), I wrote the article – 10 things to do after installing Ubuntu 11.10 – it was very popular (and a lot of beginners appreciated that post). So this article is basically an update version of that, of course for Ubuntu 12.04. Most of the things haven’t changed much, but I wanted to make things more easier by putting together – all the simple things you need to do after a fresh installation (this time – it’s 12.04). So I suppose, it will be helpful for beginner Ubuntu users specially those who are trying it for the first time.

Top 10 things to do after installing Ubuntu 12.04

#1. Update Your System

It’s the first thing to do, just after the installation, to update the repository cache and packages you have installed (by default or custom (if you did)). You can start the update manager (and click on ‘install update’)

or just open a terminal/shell (Ctrl+Alt+t) and execute these commands to get the task done -

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

#2. Install Proprietary stuffs (Plugins/Codecs/Libraries)

To install the most commonly required plugins and codecs/libraries, just install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package, because most popular codecs/plugins are bundled together in this meta package. It has

Adobe Flash Plugin
GStreamer ffmpeg video plugin
Fluendo mp3 decoder
unarchiver for .rar files

Execute the following command to install the proprietary stuffs (described above) -

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

For Playing Encrypted DVD

If you want to play encrypted DVD then you should also install CSS (Content Scramble System) decoder/unscrambler. The free software library libdvdcss2 is very popular for reading the encrypted DVDs.

To install libdvdcss2, execute the following command(s) -

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

#3. Install Additional (missing/required) drivers

For Graphics/Video card

If you are using any graphics/video card or sound card or webcam then you must install the appropriate drivers/softwares for that. Ubuntu 12.04 can automatically detect graphics card and a pop-up window may appear with the suggestion but you need to make sure that you’re installing the right driver for the device. In the snapshot (below) – you can see I need to install Nvidia proprietary drivers in order to enjoy the power of graphics card.

Sometimes even it won’t be detected automatically, in that case you can install manually (go to System Settings -> Additional Drivers). You need to do the same thing for sound card, otherwise you may be facing some sort of performance problem or instability.

Driver for Webcam

To use webcam, install cheese webcam booth. It’s a good software for webcam and it has some nice features like – cool funky effects which will increase the fun while taking pictures or recording videos on webcam. Using Cheese is simple to use – just select the mode (video, photo or burst) and start capturing photos/videos.

To Install Cheese, execute the command -

sudo apt-get install cheese

Drivers for Printer/Scanner

Go to System Settings -> Printing -> Add, then select your printer and follow the instruction and the driver will be installed within a couple of clicks. If you’re still not sure how?, then checkout this detailed step by step instruction on installing Printer in Ubuntu 12.04, I’ve written earlier.

#4. Install Gnome Shell and Gnome Tweak Tool

Ubuntu comes with Unity interface, by default. If you don’t like Unity for any reason – then you must try Gnome Shell. Although, both of the desktops are based on the Core – GNOME 3 but Gnome Shell is the default interface for Gnome 3 (the latest version of Gnome introduced months ago). Gnome Shell has lot of cool and exciting features. You don’t need to remove unity in order to use Gnome Shell – just install Gnome Shell -

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

and next when you log in, select Gnome as the desktop. It will automatically remember the option.

Customizing Gnome 3 has become weird as compare to the old version of Gnome (i.e 2.3) but thanks to Gnome-Tweak-Tool which has made customization of Gnome shell/3 a lot easier.

Install Gnome Tweak Tool / Advanced Gnome 3 Settings

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool

Now, you can tweak a lot of advanced settings like themes, icons, fonts, windows behavior, desktop – icons etc just in a couple of clicks.

If you don’t like Gnome Shell then there are other options too such as KDE Desktop or OpenBox (Lightweight and Fast) or XFCE Desktop (I haven’t tried yet, on 12.04 but seems to be a good option, if you don’t like these new fancy effects/changes in Gnome/KDE – it’s simple and easy – optimized for simplicity ‘n’ productivity).

For KDE Desktop (UI+ a number of cool applications from kde package)

sudo apt-get install kde-standard

More about installing KDE desktop on Ubuntu 12.04.

For XFCE Desktop

sudo apt-get install xfce4

#5. Install Synaptic Package Manager

Even though Ubuntu Software Center has improved a lot but it seems cluttered (and slow), I always find Synaptic Package Manager – easier and faster so if you miss it on latest versions of Ubuntu (including 12.04) then it’s time to install it now. It has been removed from the default applications but it’s there in package repository so open a terminal and execute -

sudo apt-get install synaptic

#6. Install VLC Media Player

All in One Media player – The VLC Player, is a must have application on Ubuntu 12.04! The default media player in Ubuntu 12.04 is also cool but there is no reason why we shouldn’t install VLC. It can play a variety of multimedia formats that no other media players can. VLC version 2.0 is the latest one, with lot of new features, and in Ubuntu 12.04 – it’s included by default in the package repository (so you don’t need to add any external PPA).

sudo apt-get install vlc

#7. Install Pidgin

Pidgin is a simple and easy to use Chat client. It can connect to all the most popular Instant Messaging network/services such as Google Talk, IRC, MSN, Yahoo, AIM, ICQ, XMPP etc, so it’s also known as Universal Chat Client. The latest release is v 2.10 (for Ubuntu).

To install Pidgin, execute -

sudo apt-get install pidgin

#8. Install GIMP Image Editor

Image editing/creating program is a must have application, on Ubuntu 12.04 – you have many options such as GIMP, Pinta etc. It has lot of advanced features and it is almost equivalent to Adobe Photoshop.

Installing GIMP

sudo apt-get install gimp

GIMP is very good and it has lot of complex features but it may be overkill for very simple tasks, specifically if you are new to image editing. In that case – you should try Pinta – another free image editing program that is very simple and easy to use!

Installing Pinta

sudo apt-get install pinta

#9. Install Google Chrome or Chromium

Firefox is cool but even if Mozilla Firefox is your favorite web browser it’s good to have a good alternative web browser. Chrome is a simple and fast web browser – and it comes along with the proprietary stuffs. You can als try Chromium – which is the base project of Chrome, and it’s already there in package repository/software center.

To install Chromium execute -

sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

If you want to install Google Chrome then refer my previous post about installing chrome on Ubuntu 12.04.

#10. Backup Plan

Backup is critically required in every situation, specially in Ubuntu . So it’s a very good idea to have everything (at least critical files) backed up. Ubuntu 12.04 has a good backup application installed by default called – Deja Dup. You just need to configure it for frequency, target directory (and of course the directories you don’t want to backup), and the backup location. There are many options for backup location -

Ubuntu One – the default one and probably the easiest way to backup files on Ubuntu (you can access your files remotely from anywhere – the web interface or computer or from your Android Phone), you will get 5GB of free space. It nicely integrates with deja dup.
Dropbox – similar to Ubuntu One – but if you’ve been using it already then this is also a good option.
Custom (Amazon S3 or something else) – if any of the above option doesn’t suite you well then this is the option for you. You can easily configure Deja dup to upload backup files to AWS s3 or any custom server.

Update #1 : I’ve written a simple shell script to automate the installation process of most important programs that you often need to install after a fresh install of Ubuntu. Download this programs-installer.sh script, extract it and execute it -

sudo chmod +x programs-installer.sh
./programs-installer.sh

or you could drop the script file at terminal. You may need to enter password once, after that it will install most of the useful programs and update the system.

That’s All. Have Fun with Ubuntu

Update #2 : Fixed broken link to installer script.

10 things you should never do on a consulting job

Date : January 12th, 2010
Author : Jack Wallen

At one time or another, you may have left a consulting job wondering whether you did the right thing or the wrong thing at a given turn. I don’t mean issues involving PC setup or troubleshooting — but things like your interactions with employees and the way you acted on the job site. How you handle each moment will determine the outcome of the job and whether you are ever brought back.

If you want to establish a reputation of integrity and professionalism, you should never…

1: Ridicule another consultant’s work

Nothing can make you look more unprofessional than mocking someone else’ work. Oh sure, the techs before you might have made some glaring mistakes… or did they? Maybe there was a reason for what they did. You never know. So it’s always best to play it safe and keep the running commentary to yourself. It doesn’t make you look better when you say things like, “Well, I never would have done it this way!” or “That previous tech sure did a poor job configuring this machine.” That just makes you look petty and/or catty. Do your job the best you can and keep the remarks “offline.”

2: Make deals you aren’t authorized to make

If you work for a consulting firm, you know there are channels for clients to take in ordering hardware or services. Of course, if you have time and they need one more issue resolved, it’s probably safe to do that — so long as they’re being billed the regular fee. But when it comes to hardware, let those clients order through the proper channels. Don’t go quoting prices and fees you’re not 100 percent sure of. If you think a client might request a quote, either have a menu of prices with you or give them the right number to call.

3: Take shortcuts

The last thing you want to do is to take a shortcut that you aren’t sure will last. Band-Aids are fine if you know you are coming back to make a more permanent fix. But eventually, those shortcuts will fail and will need further attention. And the time to failure is an unknown. It could be the minute you drive away or months later. This is not the type of chance you want to take. It frustrates the client, and it makes you look bad.

4: Book time spent socializing

Make sure you bill the client only for the time you actually work. This can be tricky if your clients are friends or they employee your friends. When you go to a job like this, you know there will be a period of time spent socializing, especially when you first arrive. Don’t bill for this time. Start the billing period when you start working, not when you’re talking about last night’s game, a date, your +3 vorpal sword, or The Big Bang Theory (or all of the above).

5: Act like employees are in your way

You are there to serve those employees, who may or may not be able to do their jobs while you are working. You are actually in their way. But they understand you have a job to do, and most often, they respect it. It’s when you start behaving as if those employees are in your way that things can get a bit tense. Even if you are working in a small space, remember that you are the invader — not them.

6: Flirt

No matter how cute, pretty, sexy, or smart employees are, do not engage in flirtatious activity with them while you are working. You are there to do a job and to do that job right. Nothing can get in the way faster than when your mind has been body-slammed by your libido. Not only that, you never know when the line between flirting and sexual harassment has blurred. You do NOT want a sexual harassment suit brought against you and your company. If you feel a strong desire to connect with an employee on the job, share your phone number and ask that person to call you.

7: Engage in political or religious discussions

There is really little more I can say to drive this point home. We all know that the last two topics you ever want to discuss in the work place are politics and religion. No matter how strong your views, don’t poke this bear. If you do, you most likely will regret it.

8: Leave without explaining what you’ve done

Don’t assume that you have monkeyed with desktops in such a way that the users won’t notice. If the “owners” of those desktops are there, you should let them know of any changes you made that may affect them. No matter how small. You never know their competency level, so you can’t be sure how small a change is change enough to throw them off. This is especially true if you have to do something on the periphery of the assigned job.

9: Fail to document

Documentation is almost always one of the last thoughts on a consultant’s mind. It should, however, be one of the first thoughts. Documentation will always make your job easier. When you return to a site, you don’t want to have to try to figure out what you did the last time you were there. Document it, map it, draw it — whatever you have to do so that if you come back, you can pick up as if you just left.

10: Refuse to listen to employees’ needs

It is inevitable that while you are working, employees will talk to you. Many times, they will be fascinated with what you are doing. And sometimes, they will assume that they know more than you and want to help you. But in the cacophony of all that blather, one of those employees might mention something you need to hear. Someone might know of a smaller issue that is a fundamental cause of the bigger problem. Or someone just might have another problem that can be resolved (and billed). Keep your ears open and don’t make the employees feel like what they have to say is unimportant (even if it is).

Getting it right

Consulting can be a tricky business. You have to be professional at all times and you have to treat all your clients as if they are the most important client you have. Follow this simple advice, and those clients will bring you back and refer you to others. Blow off this advice, and your competition will thank you.

From: http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/10things/?p=1290&tag=nl.e101

原文链接： http://blog.csdn.net/afatgoat/article/details/5199112

9 Things about Null in Java

对于Java程序员来说，null是令人头痛的东西。时常会受到空指针异常（NPE）的骚扰。连Java的发明者都承认这是他的一项巨大失误。Java为什么要保留null呢？null出现有一段时间了，并且我认为Java发明者知道null与它解决的问题相比带来了更多的麻烦，但是null仍然陪伴着Java。

我越发感到惊奇，因为java的设计原理是为了简化事情，那就是为什么没有浪费时间在指针、操作符重载、多继承实现的原因，null却与此正好相反。好吧，我真的不知道这个问题的答案，我知道的是不管null被Java开发者和开源社区如何批评，我们必须与null共同存在。与其为null的存在感到后悔，我们倒不如更好的学习null，确保正确使用null。

为什么在Java中需要学习null？因为如果你对null不注意，Java将使你遭受空指针异常的痛苦，并且你也会得到一个沉痛的教训。精力充沛的编程是一门艺术，你的团队、客户和用户将会更加欣赏你。以我的经验来看，导致空指针异常的一个最主要的原因是对Java中null的知识还不够。你们当中的很多已经对null很熟悉了，但是对那些不是很熟悉的来说，可以学到一些关于null老的和新的知识。让我们一起重新学习Java中null的一些重要知识吧。

Java中的Null是什么？

正如我说过的那样，null是Java中一个很重要的概念。null设计初衷是为了表示一些缺失的东西，例如缺失的用户、资源或其他东西。但是，一年后，令人头疼的空指针异常给Java程序员带来不少的骚扰。在这份材料中，我们将学习到Java中null关键字的基本细节，并且探索一些技术来尽可能的减少null的检查以及如何避免恶心的空指针异常。

1）首先，null是Java中的关键字，像public、static、final。它是大小写敏感的，你不能将null写成Null或NULL，编译器将不能识别它们然后报错。

Object obj = NULL; // Not Ok
Object obj1 = null  //Ok

使用其他语言的程序员可能会有这个问题，但是现在IDE的使用已经使得这个问题变得微不足道。现在，当你敲代码的时候，IDE像Eclipse、Netbeans可以纠正这个错误。但是使用其他工具像notepad、Vim、Emacs，这个问题却会浪费你宝贵时间的。

2）就像每种原始类型都有默认值一样，如int默认值为0，boolean的默认值为false，null是任何引用类型的默认值，不严格的说是所有object类型的默认值。

就像你创建了一个布尔类型的变量，它将false作为自己的默认值，Java中的任何引用变量都将null作为默认值。这对所有变量都是适用的，如成员变量、局部变量、实例变量、静态变量（但当你使用一个没有初始化的局部变量，编译器会警告你）。为了证明这个事实，你可以通过创建一个变量然后打印它的值来观察这个引用变量，如下图代码所示：

private static Object myObj;
public static void main(String args[]){
    System.out.println("What is value of myObjc : " + myObj);
}
What is value of myObjc : null

这对静态和非静态的object来说都是正确的。就像你在这里看到的这样，我将myObj定义为静态引用，所以我可以在主方法里直接使用它。注意主方法是静态方法，不可使用非静态变量。

3）我们要澄清一些误解，null既不是对象也不是一种类型，它仅是一种特殊的值，你可以将其赋予任何引用类型，你也可以将null转化成任何类型，来看下面的代码：

String str = null; // null can be assigned to String
Integer itr = null; // you can assign null to Integer also
Double dbl = null;  // null can also be assigned to Double

String myStr = (String) null; // null can be type cast to String
Integer myItr = (Integer) null; // it can also be type casted to Integer
Double myDbl = (Double) null; // yes it''s possible, no error

你可以看到在编译和运行时期，将null强制转换成任何引用类型都是可行的，在运行时期都不会抛出空指针异常。

4）null可以赋值给引用变量，你不能将null赋给基本类型变量，例如int、double、float、boolean。如果你那样做了，编译器将会报错，如下所示：

int i = null; // type mismatch : cannot convert from null to int
short s = null; //  type mismatch : cannot convert from null to short
byte b = null: // type mismatch : cannot convert from null to byte
double d = null; //type mismatch : cannot convert from null to double

Integer itr = null; // this is ok
int j = itr; // this is also ok, but NullPointerException at runtime

正如你看到的那样，当你直接将null赋值给基本类型，会出现编译错误。但是如果将null赋值给包装类object，然后将object赋给各自的基本类型，编译器不会报，但是你将会在运行时期遇到空指针异常。这是Java中的自动拆箱导致的，我们将在下一个要点看到它。

5）任何含有null值的包装类在Java拆箱生成基本数据类型时候都会抛出一个空指针异常。

一些程序员犯这样的错误，他们认为自动装箱会将null转换成各自基本类型的默认值，例如对于int转换成0，布尔类型转换成false，但是那是不正确的，如下面所示：

Integer iAmNull = null;
int i = iAmNull; // Remember – No Compilation Error

但是当你运行上面的代码片段的时候，你会在控制台上看到主线程抛出空指针异常。在使用HashMap和Integer键值的时候会发生很多这样的错误。当你运行下面代码的时候就会出现错误。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * An example of Autoboxing and NullPointerExcpetion
 *
 * @author WINDOWS 8
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {
      Map numberAndCount = new HashMap<>();
      int[] numbers = {3, 5, 7,9, 11, 13, 17, 19, 2, 3, 5, 33, 12, 5};

      for(int i : numbers){
         int count = numberAndCount.get(i);
         numberAndCount.put(i, count++); // NullPointerException here
      }      
    }
}

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
 at Test.main(Test.java:25)

这段代码看起来非常简单并且没有错误。你所做的一切是找到一个数字在数组中出现了多少次，这是Java数组中典型的寻找重复的技术。开发者首先得到以前的数值，然后再加一，最后把值放回Map里。程序员可能会以为，调用put方法时，自动装箱会自己处理好将int装箱成Interger，但是他忘记了当一个数字没有计数值的时候，HashMap的get()方法将会返回null，而不是0，因为Integer的默认值是null而不是0。当把null值传递给一个int型变量的时候自动装箱将会返回空指针异常。设想一下，如果这段代码在一个if嵌套里，没有在QA环境下运行，但是你一旦放在生产环境里，BOOM:-)

6）如果使用了带有null值的引用类型变量，instanceof操作将会返回false：

Integer iAmNull = null;
if(iAmNull instanceof Integer){
   System.out.println("iAmNull is instance of Integer");                            

}else{
   System.out.println("iAmNull is NOT an instance of Integer");
}

输出：

iAmNull is NOT an instance of Integer

这是instanceof操作一个很重要的特性，使得对类型强制转换检查很有用

7）你可能知道不能调用非静态方法来使用一个值为null的引用类型变量。

它将会抛出空指针异常，但是你可能不知道，你可以使用静态方法来使用一个值为null的引用类型变量。因为静态方法使用静态绑定，不会抛出空指针异常。下面是一个例子：

public class Testing {            
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Testing myObject = null;
      myObject.iAmStaticMethod();
      myObject.iAmNonStaticMethod();                            
   }

   private static void iAmStaticMethod(){
        System.out.println("I am static method, can be called by null reference");
   }

   private void iAmNonStaticMethod(){
       System.out.println("I am NON static method, don''t date to call me by null");
   }

I am static method, can be called by null reference
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
               at Testing.main(Testing.java:11)

8）你可以将null传递给方法使用，这时方法可以接收任何引用类型，例如public void print(Object obj)可以这样调用print(null)。

从编译角度来看这是可以的，但结果完全取决于方法。Null安全的方法，如在这个例子中的print方法，不会抛出空指针异常，只是优雅的退出。如果业务逻辑允许的话，推荐使用null安全的方法。

9）你可以使用==或者!=操作来比较null值，但是不能使用其他算法或者逻辑操作，例如小于或者大于。

跟SQL不一样，在Java中null==null将返回true，如下所示：

public class Test {

    public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException {

       String abc = null;
       String cde = null;

       if(abc == cde){
           System.out.println("null == null is true in Java");
       }

       if(null != null){
           System.out.println("null != null is false in Java");
       }

       // classical null check
       if(abc == null){
           // do something
       }

       // not ok, compile time error
       if(abc > null){

       }
    }
}

输出：

1
null == null is true in Java

这是关于Java中null的全部。通过Java编程的一些经验和使用简单的技巧来避免空指针异常，你可以使你的代码变得null安全。因为null经常作为空或者未初始化的值，它是困惑的源头。对于方法而言，记录下null作为参数时方法有什么样的行为也是非常重要的。总而言之，记住，null是任何一个引用类型变量的默认值，在java中你不能使用null引用来调用任何的instance方法或者instance变量。

97 Things Every Programmer Should Know

Welcome to the home page for the 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know project, pearls of wisdom for programmers collected from leading practitioners. You can read through the Edited Contributions , browse Contributions in Progress , view the list of current Contributors , and also learn How to Become a Contributor . If you would simply like to comment on a contribution, please also read How to Become a Contributor as some of it applies to you.

There is no overarching narrative: The collection is intended simply to contain multiple and varied perspectives on what it is that contributors to the project feel programmers should know. This can be anything from code-focused advice to culture, from algorithm usage to agile thinking, from implementation know-how to professionalism, from style to substance, etc.

The deadline for having something considered for inclusion in the the book form of the project is 16th October 2009. Following that, 97 contributions will be picked from the Edited Contributions and published in O''Reilly''s 97 Things series, which already includes 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know (also see the 97 Things Every Software Architect Should Know homepage ) and 97 Things Every Project Manager Should Know . You can find out more about the series and the 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know project in this InfoQ article .

The 97 chosen for the book will be the ones considered not only to be the best individually, but also the ones that fit best together. Every contributor whose contribution goes into the book will be fully acknowledged in the book and will get a complementary copy of the book when it is published. The contributions for the site are being edited by Kevlin Henney , who will also be listed as the editor of the published book.

Fulfill Your Ambitions with Open Source by Richard Monson-Haefel
Comment Only What the Code Cannot Say by Kevlin Henney
Restrict Mutability of State by Kevlin Henney
Speed Kills by Uncle Bob
Encapsulate Behavior, not Just State by Einar Landre
Only the Code Tells the Truth by Peter Sommerlad
Interfaces Should Reveal Intention by Einar Landre
Inter-Process Communication Affects Application Response Time by Randy Stafford
Test for Required Behavior, not Incidental Behavior by Kevlin Henney
Test Precisely and Concretely by Kevlin Henney
Verbose Logging Will Disturb your Sleep by Johannes Brodwall
The Road to Performance Is Littered with Dirty Code Bombs by Kirk Pepperdine
Keep the Build Clean by Johannes Brodwall
Use Aggregate Objects to Reduce Coupling by Einar Landre
WET Dilutes Performance Bottlenecks by Kirk Pepperdine
Testing Is the Engineering Rigor of Software Development by Neal Ford
Make Interfaces Easy to Use Correctly and Hard to Use Incorrectly by Scott Meyers
Don''t Just Learn the Language, Understand its Culture by Anders Norås
Small! by Uncle Bob
Don''t Nail Your Program into the Upright Position by Verity Stob
You Gotta Care about the Code by Pete Goodliffe
Know Your Next Commit by Dan Bergh Johnsson
The Professional Programmer by Uncle Bob
The Three Laws of Test-Driven Development by Uncle Bob
Programmers Who Write Tests Get More Time to Program by Johannes Brodwall
The Single Responsibility Principle by Uncle Bob
The Longevity of Interim Solutions by Klaus Marquardt
Prefer Domain-Specific Types to Primitive Types by Einar Landre
Distinguish Business Exceptions from Technical by Dan Bergh Johnsson
Don''t Ignore that Error! by Pete Goodliffe
The Boy Scout Rule by Uncle Bob
A Comment on Comments by Cal Evans
Don''t Touch that Code! by Cal Evans
Own (and Refactor) the Build by Steve Berczuk
Deploy Early and Often by Steve Berczuk
Understand Principles behind Practices by Steve Berczuk
Acknowledge (and Learn from) Failures by Steve Berczuk
Hard Work Does not Pay off by Olve Maudal
Continuous Refactoring by Michael Hunger
Scoping Methods by Michael Hunger
Improve Code by Removing It by Pete Goodliffe
Learn to Estimate by Giovanni Asproni
Domain-Specific Languages by Michael Hunger
Learn Foreign Languages by Klaus Marquardt
Check Your Code First before Looking to Blame Others by Allan Kelly
Two Wrongs Can Make a Right (and Are Difficult to Fix) by Allan Kelly
Floating-point Numbers Aren''t Real by Chuck Allison
The Linker Is not a Magical Program by Walter Bright
Beware the Share by Udi Dahan
Consider the Hardware by Jason P Sage
Data Type Tips by Jason P Sage
Reinvent the Wheel Often by Jason P Sage
Improved Testability Leads to Better Design by George Brooke
From Requirements to Tables to Code and Tests by George Brooke
Put the Mouse Down and Step Away from the Keyboard by BurkHufnagel
Expect the Unexpected by Pete Goodliffe
Continuous Learning by Clint Shank
Don''t Be Cute with Your Test Data by Rod Begbie
Choose Your Tools with Care by Giovanni Asproni
Decouple that UI by George Brooke
Know Your Limits by Greg Colvin
Do Lots of Deliberate Practice by Jon Jagger
Code Is Hard to Read by Dave Anderson
Simple Is not Simplistic by Giovanni Asproni
Missing Opportunities for Polymorphism by Kirk Pepperdine
Code in the Language of the Domain by Dan North
Make the Invisible More Visible by Jon Jagger
Ask "What Would the User Do?" (You Are not the User) by Giles Colborne
Balance Duplication, Disruption, and Paralysis by Johannes Brodwall
Methods Matter by Matthias Merdes
The Golden Rule of API Design by Michael Feathers
Don''t Rely on "Magic Happens Here" by AlanGriffiths
Prevent Errors by Giles Colborne
Write Small Functions Using Examples by Keith Braithwaite
Reuse Implies Coupling by Klaus Marquardt
Hands on in All Phases by Klaus Marquardt
Implicit Dependencies Are also Dependencies by Klaus Marquardt
How to Access Patterns by Klaus Marquardt
Code Layout Matters by Steve Freeman
One Binary by Steve Freeman
Beauty Is in Simplicity by Jørn Ølmheim
Integrate Early and Often by Gerard Meszaros
Write Tests for People by Gerard Meszaros
Know Your IDE by Heinz Kabutz
Structure over Function by Peter Sommerlad
Message Passing Leads to Better Scalability in Parallel Systems by Russel Winder
Know Well More than Two Programming Languages by Russel Winder
Read the Humanities by Keith Braithwaite
Code Is Design by Ryan Brush
The Guru Myth by Ryan Brush
Learn to Say "Hello, World" by Thomas Guest
Don''t Reinvent the Wheel by Kai Tödter
Take Advantage of Code Analysis Tools by Sarah Mount
Install Me by Marcus Baker
How to Use a Bug Tracker by Matt Doar
Use the Right Algorithm and Data Structure by JC van Winkel
Who Will Test the Tests Themselves? by Filip van Laenen
Write a Test that Prints PASSED by Kevin Kilzer
There Is No Such Thing as Self-Documenting Code by Carroll Robinson
Convenience Is not an -ility by Gregor Hohpe
First Write, Second Copy, Third Refactor by Mario Fusco
Display Courage, Commitment, and Humility by Ed Sykes
A Message to the Future by Linda Rising
Don''t Repeat Yourself by Steve Smith
Use the Same Tools in a Team by Kai Tödter
Step Back and Automate, Automate, Automate by Cay Horstmann
Declarative over Imperative by Christian Horsdal
There Is No Right or Wrong by Mike Nereson
Apply Functional Programming Principles by Edward Garson
Talk about the Trade-offs by Michael Harmer

原文链接： http://blog.csdn.net/vanessa219/article/details/4667714

Adobe After Effects视频怎么剪辑_Adobe After Effects视频剪辑方法

问题：新手该如何剪辑 adobe after effects 视频？介绍：after effects 是一个强大且复杂的视频剪辑工具，对于初学者来说可能令人望而生畏。但别担心，php小编百草将为您提供全面的指南，帮助您轻松掌握 after effects 视频剪辑的基础知识。引导阅读：继续阅读本教程，了解分步指南、实际操作技巧和详细说明，让您立即开始剪辑出令人惊叹的视频。

1.在界面中点击需要剪切的视频，按住键盘的Ctrl+Shift+D按键完成剪切并将片段移至新轨道中

2.在上方菜单栏中找到动画，选择关键帧辅助，并点击序列图层

3.跳出图层界面后，将重叠效果更改为分段排序播放

4.完成设置后点击确定即可保存更改

以上就是Adobe After Effects视频怎么剪辑_Adobe After Effects视频剪辑方法的详细内容，更多请关注php中文网其它相关文章！

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